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Part 3 Khutbah Wida’ - The Final Testament of Prophet Muhammad
The Khutbah Wida' was the final sermon delivered by Prophet Muhammad (saw) on the 9th of Zulhijjah, 10th Hijrah (632 CE), during his Farewell Pilgrimage at Arafah. The term "Wida’" means "farewell", signifying that this sermon was the Prophet’s final testament to the entire Muslim Ummah before his passing approximately three months later.
Background and Significance of Khutbah Wida'
This sermon was delivered in front of over 100,000 companions and Muslims who attended. During this significant occasion, Allah swt revealed the verse confirming the completion of Islam:
"This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion."
(Surah al-Ma'idah, 5:3)
Clearly, this sermon is the ultimate, complete, and perfect testament to guide all Muslims until the end of time.
The 14 Key Messages of Khutbah Wida'
The Prophet’s sermon highlighted 14 significant points:
1. The Sanctity of Human Life, Property, and Honour
"Indeed, your blood, your property, and your honour are as sacred as this day, this month, and this land."
2. Total Abolition of Riba (Usury)
"All transactions involving riba are abolished. The first riba I cancel is that of Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib."
3. Prohibition of Racism and Discrimination
"There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab over an Arab, nor of a white person over a black person or vice versa, except by taqwa (piety)."
4. Rights and Responsibilities Towards Women
"Fear Allah concerning women, for you have taken them as a trust from Allah."
5. Obligation to Hold Firmly to the Quran and Itrati Ahlul Baiti
"I leave behind two things; if you hold firmly to them, you will never go astray: Allah’s Book and my Itrah, my Ahlul Bait."
6. Prohibition of Taking Others’ Property Unjustly
The Prophet (saw) firmly forbade taking or seizing someone else’s property without lawful permission.
7. Prohibition of Bloodshed Among Muslims
Islam strictly prohibits Muslims from fighting or shedding each other's blood.
8. Prohibition of Harming Others
Islam forbids Muslims from causing physical, emotional, or verbal harm to one another.
9. Returning Rights Taken Unjustly
All rights and properties unjustly taken must be returned to their rightful owners.
10. Prohibition of Altering the Sacred Months
Islam forbids the pre-Islamic practice of manipulating or altering the sacred months.
11. Obligation of Obedience to Leaders Upholding Quran and Sunnah
Obedience to leaders is mandatory as long as they adhere to the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet.
12. Warning Against the Deception of Shaytan
Muslims are reminded to constantly guard against the deception and traps of Shaytan (Satan).
13. Obligation to Convey Islam to Future Generations
"Those present here today must convey this message to those who are absent. Perhaps those who hear later will understand better than those who are present."
14. Acknowledgement of the Ummah Regarding Conveyance of the Message
At the conclusion of his sermon, the Prophet asked the Ummah:
"Have I not conveyed the message?"
The entire gathering replied:
"Yes, indeed, O Messenger of Allah."
Then the Prophet raised his finger towards the heavens and said:
"O Allah, bear witness!"
Explanation on Why It is the Final, Complete Testament
This sermon represents the final and complete testament from Prophet Muhammad (saw). Thus, no new testament or fundamental directive will emerge afterward—only explanations or clarifications. All the fundamental principles and teachings of Islam were clearly, comprehensively, and conclusively established by the Prophet in this final sermon.
Therefore, this testament must be preserved, understood, internalized, and practiced by all Muslims throughout time.
Why is This Final Testament So Important?
Khutbah Wida' forms the foundation to face various challenges, particularly in the end times. A deep understanding of this testament helps Muslims remain steadfast and protected from upcoming trials and tribulations.
Among the key lessons are:
- Islam highly values human rights and firmly rejects discrimination and injustice.
- Islam strictly forbids economic exploitation through riba (usury).
- Islam safeguards women’s rights with utmost trust and fairness.
- Islam establishes piety (taqwa) as the primary measure of human dignity.
- Islam calls on the Ummah to firmly adhere to the Quran and Itrati Ahlul Baiti to remain guided and protected from misguidance.
Conclusion
The Khutbah Wida’ is Prophet Muhammad’s (saw) final and complete testament, in which he explicitly entrusted Muslims with two significant legacies (Tsaqalain): Allah’s Book (Kitabullah) and his lineage (Itrati Ahlul Baiti).
Since this sermon represents the perfect and final testament, no further fundamental directives or testaments will follow, only clarifications and explanations. Therefore, it is imperative for Muslims to fully understand and adhere to these two legacies as outlined clearly in the farewell sermon, to safeguard themselves from misguidance until the end of time.
May we, as Muslims, always hold firmly to this final testament, so that we remain protected from misguidance, injustice, division, confusion, and the trials of Dajjal, and continue to experience Islam as a religion of mercy for all of creation.